Rhinoplasty , or a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and cosmetically enhancing the nose, which is deformed by either accidents, or by birth, or the person does not like the appearance of the nose. A plastic surgeon, is the one who generally does this who creates a functional, aesthetic, and facially proportionate nose by separating the nasal skin and the soft tissues from the bone and cartilaginous nasal framework, correcting them as required for form and function.
Rhinoplasty techniques were carried out in ancient India by the ayurvedic physician Sushruta (c. 800 BC), who described reconstruction of the nose in the Sushruta samhita (c. 500 BC), his medico–surgical compendium. They applied plastic surgical techniques for reconstructing noses, genitalia, earlobes, et cetera, that were amputated as religious, criminal, or military punishment. Sushruta also developed the forehead flap rhinoplasty procedure that remains as a standard even till now for reconstructing nose and he describes this procedure as the Nasika sandhana.
In the 11th century, at Damascus, the Arab physicianIbn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270) translated the Sushruta samhita from Sanskrit to Arabic. In due course, Sushruta’s medical compendium travelled from Arabia to Persia to Egypt, and, by the 15th century, Western European medicine had encountered it.
To plan, map, and execute the surgical correction of a nasal defect or deformity, the structure of the external nose is divided into nine (9) aesthetic nasal subunits, and six (6) aesthetic nasal segments, which provide the plastic surgeon with the measures for determining the size, extent, and topographic locale of the nasal defect or deformity then plans maps, and executes a rhinoplasty procedure
Nasal analysis
Aesthetically, the nose —
from the nasion (the midpoint of the nose-forehead junction) to the centre of nose- lip junction — ideally occupies one-third of the vertical dimension of the person’s face; and, from ala to ala, it ideally should occupy one-fifth of the horizontal dimension of the person’s face.
Nose forehead angle, between the forehead bone and the nasion usually is 120 degrees
Nasofacial angle, the slope of the nose relative to the plane of the face, is approximately 30–40 degrees.
nasolabial angle, the slope between the columella and the philtrum, is approximately 90–95 degrees in the male face, and approximately 100–105 degrees in the female face.
plastic surgeon’s approach classifies the nasal surgery either as an open rhinoplasty or as a closed rhinoplasty procedure
open rhinoplasty, the surgeon makes a small, irregular incision to the columella, the fleshy, exterior-end of the nasal septum
closed rhinoplasty, the surgeon performs every incision endonasally (exclusively within the nose), and does not cut the columella
who should undergo rhinoplasty
- Those Who Want Cosmetic Enhancement Of Their Nose Appearance
- Various Deformities Of The Nose Caused By Various Reasons
- A. Accidents
- B. Birth Defects Like Cleft Nose (Grahanam Morri)
- Fractures Of The Nasal Bones
Nose reconstruction
- Cancers
- Animal Bites
- Burns
- Infections
- Immunity Disorders
In such situations nose can be completely reconstructed to near normal state by using the skin on the forehead and cartilage from the ear, nasal septum or from ribs What can be done in cosmetic rhinoplasty
There are different types of variation of the nose appearance from the ideal measurements like
Convex Nose Type/Aquiline Nose/ Roman Nose
The Hawk Nose.
The Snub Nose.
The Turn-Up Or Celestial Nose
African, Or Wide-Nostrilled Nose
The above mentioned types are just a rough grouping of the various shapes of noses we see. According to the shape of the nose that we see, the surgeon formulates a plan to correct the nose.
This can be like
- Cutting The Excess Cartilage Protruding Up From Nasal Slope Like In Hawk Nose Or Convex Nose
- Lifting The Tip Of The Nose Up Using A Small Cartilage Taken From Septum
- Elevation Of The Nasal Slope As In Snub Nose Using A Cartilage Piece Harvested From The Rib Or And Implant Can Be Used For The Same Purpose
- Wide Nose Can Be Corrected By Resecting Some Portions Of Alae Called Alar Wedge Resection
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